当 try-catch-finally 三胞胎遇到 return 会擦出什么样的火花

2016/09/06 Java

当 try-catch-finally 三胞胎遇到 return 会擦出什么样的火花,探寻 java 中 try-catch-finally-return 语句的执行顺序。

1.try块中没有抛出异常,try、catch和finally块中都有return语句

public static int NoException(){
    int i=10;
    try{
       System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);
       return --i;
       }catch(Exception e){
          --i;
          System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);
          return --i;
       }finally{     
          System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:"+i);
          return --i;
       }  
}

运行代码:

public static void main(String[] args) {
    System.out.println("=============NoException==================");
    System.out.println(NoException());
    System.out.println("===============================");   
}

运行结果:

=============NoException==================
i in try block is:10
i in finally - from try or catch block is:9
8
===============================

执行顺序:

执行try块,执行到return语句时,先执行return的语句,–i,但是不返回到main方法,执行finally块,遇到finally块中的return语句,执行–i,并将值返回到main方法,这里就不会再回去返回try块中计算得到的值。

:memo: 结论:try-catch-finally 都有return语句时,没有异常时,返回值是finally中的return返回的。

2.try块中没有抛出异常,仅try和catch中有return语句

public static int NoException1(){
    int i=10;
    try{
        System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);
        return --i;
    }catch(Exception e){
        --i;
        System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);
        return --i;
    }finally{           
        System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:"+i);
        --i;
        System.out.println("i in finally block is:"+i);
        //return --i;
    }   
}

运行结果:

=============NoException1==================
i in try block is:10
i in finally - from try or catch block is:9
i in finally block is:8
9
===============================

执行顺序:

try中执行完return的语句后,不返回,执行finally块,finally块执行结束后,返回到try块中,返回i在try块中最后的值。

:memo: 结论:try-catch都有return语句时,没有异常时,返回值是try中的return返回的。

3.try块中抛出异常,try、catch和finally中都有return语句

public static int WithException(){
    int i=10;
    try{
        System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);
        i = i/0;
        return --i;
    }catch(Exception e){
        System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);
        --i;
        System.out.println("i in catch block is:"+i);
        return --i;
    }finally{           
        System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is--"+i);
        --i;
        System.out.println("i in finally block is--"+i);
        return --i;
    }
}

执行结果:

=============WithException==================
i in try block is:10
i in catch - form try block is:10
i in catch block is:9
i in finally - from try or catch block is--8
i in finally block is--7
6
===============================

执行顺序:

抛出异常后,执行catch块,在catch块的return的–i执行完后,并不直接返回而是执行finally,因finally中有return语句,所以,执行,返回结果6。

:memo: 结论:try块中抛出异常,try、catch和finally中都有return语句,返回值是finally中的return。

4.try块中抛出异常,try和catch中都有return语句

public static int WithException1(){
    int i=10;
    try{
        System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);
        i=i/0;
        return --i;
    }catch(Exception e){
        System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);           
        return --i;
    }finally{        
        System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:"+i);
        --i;
        System.out.println("i in finally block is:"+i);
        //return i;
    }
}

执行结果:

=============WithException1==================
i in try block is:10
i in catch - form try block is:10
i in finally - from try or catch block is:9
i in finally block is:8
9
===============================

执行顺序:

抛出异常后,执行catch块,执行完finally语句后,依旧返回catch中的执行return语句后的值,而不是finally中修改的值。

:memo: 结论:返回的catch中return值。

5.try、catch中都出现异常,在finally中有返回

public static int WithException2(){
    int i=10;
    try{
        System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);
        i=i/0;
        return --i;
    }catch(Exception e){
        System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);
        int j = i/0;
        return --i;
    }finally{                
        System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:"+i);
        --i;
        --i;
        System.out.println("i in finally block is:"+i);
        return --i;
    }
}

执行结果:

=============WithException2==================
i in try block is:10
i in catch - form try block is:10
i in finally - from try or catch block is:10
i in finally block is:8
7
===============================

执行顺序:

try块中出现异常到catch,catch中出现异常到finally,finally中执行到return语句返回,不检查异常。

:memo: 结论:返回finally中return值。

6.只在函数最后出现return语句

public static int WithException3(){
     int i=10;
     try{
         System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);
         i=i/0;
         //return --i;
     }catch(Exception e){
         System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);
         //int j = i/0;
         //return --i;
     }finally{
         System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:"+i);
         --i;
         --i;
         System.out.println("i in finally block is:"+i);
         //return --i;
     }
     return --i;
}

执行结果:

=============WithException3==================
i in try block is:10
i in catch - form try block is:10
i in finally - from try or catch block is:10
i in finally block is:8
7
===============================

总体结论

结论一

return语句并不是函数的最终出口,如果有finally语句,这在return之后还会执行finally(return的值会暂存在栈里面,等待finally执行后再返回)

结论二

finally里面不建议放return语句,根据需要,return语句可以放在try和catch里面和函数的最后。可行的做法有四:

  • return语句只在函数最后出现一次。

  • return语句仅在try和catch里面都出现。

  • return语句仅在try和函数的最后都出现。

  • return语句仅在catch和函数的最后都出现。

注意,除此之外的其他做法都是不可行的,编译器会报错。

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